Landfills have long been a primary method for waste disposal, but their environmental impact is becoming increasingly concerning. The accumulation of waste in landfills leads to soil pollution, water contamination, and greenhouse gas emissions, all of which pose serious threats to ecosystems and human health.

The escalating global pollution crisis calls for innovative solutions that go beyond conventional waste management practices. Traditional linear economic models, characterized by a 'take-make-dispose' approach, have contributed significantly to waste generation, resource depletion, and various forms of pollution.